Monday, September 30, 2019

How does Priestley express ideas about Eric Birling in ‘An Inspector Calls’ Essay

Eric’s Drinking One explanation for Eric’s drinking perhaps is the hypocrisy of his family, and Eric feels he has to join in with the male dominated culture in society. For example when Gerald suggests he is going to be careful Eric expresses his amusement; â€Å"Eric suddenly guffaws. His parents look at him† this is the strongest suggestion yet that Eric is aware of Gerald’s affair, if not the exact specifics. When asked by Sheila what was causing his amusement Eric replies; â€Å"I don’t know – really. Suddenly I felt I just had to laugh† this shows how Eric defends the male and shows how Eric has to defend the male power not the female power. This could suggest that the hypocrisy of Gerald who is highly esteemed by his family had led to Eric’s frustration and led him on a path to alcoholism. Eva’s Sacking + Capitalism Eric clearly shows much more sympathy to Priestley’s views than that of his father. Discussing Eva Smith’s death, Eric suggests; â€Å"Why shouldn’t they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices? †¦ you said yourself she was a good worker† this shows how Eric is questioning not only the decision making of his father but also Mr. Birling’s view on society. Mr. Birling is a keen advocate of everybody â€Å"looking after himself† but when a lower class workers attempts to improve their life changes Mr. Birling is contradictory and fires Eva. Showing how Eric’s rhetorical question of â€Å"Why shouldn’t they try for higher wages?† shows how Eric is almost representing Priestley’s views of the selfish, aggressive form of capitalism, which Mr. Birling represents. Affair When Eric’s affair comes to light, his choice of language leaves ambiguity to the reader about the nature of Eric’s affair. Did Eric force himself upon Eva? Or was Eric showing sympathy and attention to an innocent girl? Eric states to the inspector; â€Å"She wasn’t the usual sort. But – well, I suppose she didn’t know what to do† by suggesting she wasn’t â€Å"the usual sort† suggests that it is Eva innocence and desperation that causes Eric to be attracted to Eva, this could lead us to have sympathy for Eric. As if here were to see Eva not purely as a prostitute but also as somebody who can change and reform shows a more sympathetic side to Eric; that everyone can change. However the ambiguity comes from the statement â€Å"well, I suppose she didn’t know what to do† this sounds strongly like rape from Eric. That he has clearly forced himself upon her with Eva not knowing how to react. Again highlighted in the following remark â€Å"Yes, I insisted – it seems† again suggesting how Eric was the one dominating the situation. Although Eric’s guilt is evident when he tries to express doubt on his wrongdoing with the quote â€Å"it seems† showing how Eric is not comfortable with the sin he has committed. If this were to be the case it paints a much darker picture of Eric; suggesting he had no genuine car for Eva, but was only interested in the need to fulfill his sexual desire. Sexism/Prostitution Eric’s relationship with Eva continues to lack any real substance and highlights Priestley’s thoughts that woman have little choice about their choices in order to survive. As Eric continues to describe his relationship with Eva he describes â€Å"And this time we talked a bit† for a couple to only â€Å"talked a bit† is hardly a romantic statement, and suggests that Eric pretty much had sex with Eva straight away. The fact that Eric also couldn’t â€Å"remember her name or where she lived† shows how from Eva’s point of view Eric was someone who was abusive with her, and didn’t seem to look after her. The only reason for Eva to continue to associate with Eric would be because of the extreme poverty she faces; and showing how despite the abysmal way she is treated she has no choice but to accept the dominance of men. Learning His Lesson After the Inspector has left, Priestley does give the reader an opportunity to take a more optimistic view about what Eric’s future may hold. After his mother has condemned Eric outraging; â€Å"I’m absolutely ashamed of you† Eric’s reply shows a sign of maturity and of a genuine capacity to change responding, â€Å"Well, I don’t blame you. But don’t forget I am ashamed of you as well – yes both of you† the fact that Eric is now admitting shame on himself could suggest he is now in the frame of mindset to change his ideals and values. The way Eric also condones his parents also sounds remarkably mature saying â€Å"But don’t forget I am ashamed of you as well† this shows how Eric is condemning his parents in a very authoritative way, and turning the tables on his parents using mature demeanour. Eric continues to ridicule his parents, particularly expressing doubts over his father’s viewpoints. In one of his final lines Eric remarks; â€Å"You told us a man had to make his own way†¦and then one of those cranks walked in – The Inspector (laughs bitterly.) I didn’t notice you told him it’s every man for himself† the way that Eric uses repetition of his fathers notion about â€Å"every man for himself† shows how Eric ridicules Mr Birling’s views on Priestley’s behalf to show how many of the beneficiaries of capitalism believe in that principal; except those who need to be looked after the most. The message from Priestley that no matter how flawed or wealthy the character everybody has the ability to change.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Last Day of the Last Furlough Essay

Lessons learned from Isolation in A Complicated Kindness and The Catcher in the Rye Love, sex and drugs; the few things that affect teenagers as they transition to adults. When becoming an adult there is a realization that one can no longer depend on their parents and there are overwhelming responsibilities such as going to school and getting the job. Teenagers are notorious for believing that it is themselves versus the world. The stress of becoming an adult is overpowering, and people cope differently with the change. Some teenagers rebel against their family and friends. This causes them to grow distant from the people they are close with. As a result some teenagers gradually isolate themselves, they confine in their isolation as it is their comfort zone. People can also isolate themselves because they cannot relate to others; this causes them to be excluded. In the novel A Complicated Kindness, the main character Nomi Nickel feels isolated as she does not agree with her community’s rules. To cope with her isolation she decides to rebel against her humble upbringings. Similarly, the character Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye faces isolation, to cope he begins to fail most of his classes. Although Nomi Nickel from Miriam Toews’ A Complicated Kindness, and Holden Caulfield from J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye rebel to compensate for their isolation , both ultimately realize valuable lessons. Nomi Nickel realizes that she is accepts her Mennonite community, whereas Holden Caulfield realizes that people have to change in order to develop character. The characters Nomi Nickel and Holden Caulfield lose loved ones; in order to cope with their grief they seclude themselves from their surroundings. Nomi is abandoned by her sister Tash Nickel and her mother Trudie Nickel. Trudie and Tash were excommunicated from the town, it causes their departure from East Village. Trudie and Tash were considered defiant to the conservative Mennonite community. The feeling of exclusion caused emotional distress on Trudie and Tash, they did not have any option but to leave. Margaret Boe Birns argues â€Å"By excluding those who come into conflict with the community, shunning can destroy the relationship between neighbours and, as in the case of the Nickel family, cruelly divide family members.† This is true in Nomi’s case because the dividing has separated her family, the family members are in a predicament on whether to choose each other or their religion. The church’s shunning is highly responsible for separating her family as some of her family members were no longer welcomed in the community. Since Nomi lost her mother and sister she is isolated. She furthers this isolation by not having a relationship with her father, Ray Nickel. Nomi has waited three years for her family to rejoin, â€Å"If we could get out of this town things might be better but we aren’t we are waiting for Trudie and Tash to come back† (Toews 4). Nomi is disheartened that her family is broken up, but she remains in the town in case her mother and sister come back. Although things may be better elsewhere Nomi and Ray stay in the town in hopes that their family will no longer divided. Ultimately, until a possible reunion Nomi goes against her community’s rules and teachings as it is the driving force of her family splitting. She isolates herself from the community as she feels loyal to her mother and sister when doing so. Similarly, Holden suffers the loss of his brother Allie who died of cancer this causes Holden to alienate himself. Holden is isolated because the only person he can relate to is his brother who is dead. Holden’s last remark â€Å"Don’t ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody† (Salinger 214), shows that Holden does not want the chance of losing a loved one again. As Holden transitions to an adult he feels that he is abandoning his brother, because Allie died young. Holden acts in an immature way by trying to stay a child, he isolates himself from his age group because he believes that he is better than his peers. Moreover, Holden is completely alone as he is sent to boarding school on his own. Lisa Privitera writes about Holden â€Å"he tells the world that he made connections and feels the intensity of the emotions these connections bring up for him and that blissful ignorance might have been the better choice†. It is apparent that Holden does not want to get hurt by forming new friendships. Although he may not get hurt the small chance of him being mistreated completely turns him off from forming new relationships. Allie’s death has lead Holden to believe that Holden will lose anyone that was once close to him. Holden is successful in isolating himself because he cannot open himself to others. In both novels the situations are parallel as the characters lose loved ones. In both novels the main characters are resentful towards the community in which they live in. This compels them to go against the norms and to further their isolation. Nomi lives in a strict Mennonite community that is secluded from the rest of the world, and the community disapproves of secular ways. The community has ridiculous rules which are difficult to comply with when living in a western society. This makes it difficult for Nomi to obey the rules, as a result she does not follow the town’s teachings. When Mr. Quiring asked Nomi what she was doing with her life she responded, â€Å"I ended up saying stupid stuff like I just want to be myself, I just want to do things without wondering if there a sin or not. I want to be free† (Toews 48). It is evident that Nomi wants to enjoy herself. Her Mennonite religion has prevented Nomi from being free, as everyone is in a constant struggle to determine if their actions are religiously correct. Nomi, ultimately goes against her community and engages in outrageous behaviours such as doing drugs, partying and having sex with her boyfriend. Margaret Boe Birns states about Nomi, â€Å"She struggles against all things Mennonite. She makes a major departure from the ways of her community when she acquires birth control pills in preparation for her first sexual experience with her boyfriend Travis†. When Nomi engages in sex, she goes against the Mennonite teachings this is scandalous as her uncle â€Å"The Mouth† is the leader of the church. Nomi goes to the extent of burning a sign put up by The Mouth. This ultimately causes Nomi’s excommunication. Nomi rebels against her towns rules and isolates herself, to prove that she is better than what her town have people made to be. Moreover, Holden faces similar challenges to Nomi, as he is resentful towards his school’s community and feels that everyone is phony as he does not fit anywhere. This drives Holden to go to New York before he is to return home from his private school. Like Nomi, Holden partakes in risquà © behaviour. As Holden attempts to relate to someone he ends up associating with the wrong crowd. In one instance Holden calls for a prostitute to come to his room. Instead of engaging in sex, Holden opts for a conversation it is obvious that Holden is in need of a companion. He is unable to create successful relationships because he believes he cannot relate to anyone. Lingdi Chen writes, â€Å"Alienation is both the source of Holden’s strength and the source of his problem†¦his loneliness propels him into his date with Sally Hayes, but his need for isolation causes him to insult her and drive her away.† Holden does not realize that because he isolates himself from his surroundings it gets him into trouble, he begins to drink underage as an attempt to meet new people. Holden is bitter because he cannot relate to anyone and to compensate he acts morally wrong. When Holden is walking alone at night he thinks to himself, â€Å"New York`s terrible when somebody laughs on the street very late at night. You can hear it for miles. It makes you feel so lonesome and depressed. I kept wishing I could go home and shoot the bull with for a while with old people† (Salinger 113). This quote shows in its entirety how lonely Holden is, he lies to himself that New York is quite, as it is known as the city that never sleeps. He does this to make himself feel better that he has no one. In both books the characters end up isolating themselves as they do not agree with the circumstances they are in. Although the Nomi and Holden are at a constant struggle with their isolation, it has made them realize valuable lessons about themselves. Nomi comes to realization that she accepts her Mennonite community. When The Mouth informs Ray that his daughter has been excommunicated he says â€Å"It has been determined, said the mouth. What has? Asked my dad. Nomi’s excommunication, said the mouth†¦ Based on what criteria†¦ lack of attendance†¦ setting fires† (Toews 235). Ray is obviously disheartened that Nomi got excommunicated, but surprisingly Nomi does not leave East Village. Although she has been longing to move out, once she gets the opportunity she does not. Her constant need to be isolated from her town makes her appreciative of her town, but when she is given the opportunity to leave she realizes that she accepts her roots. After Nomi has sex with her boyfriend Travis he abandons her, Nomi’s father Ray also leaves her as he cannot bear to ignore his daughter who is excommunicated. Even though Nomi losses people who are remotely valuable in her life, she decides to stay in East Village. Since, Nomi is isolated she is able to look at the children, notice the beauty in the simple things and she has a reason to stay. Margaret Boe Birns writes â€Å"†¦Nomi hopes her family will one day reunite on earth. There is also a tactic hope that somehow her Mennonite community will find a way to look on the Nickel family with sympathy and understanding†. It is clearly apparent that because Nomi was isolated she is able to be more hopeful of her surroundings. She is no longer resentful of her community, as she believes that one day the Mennonites will approve of her family. This hope provides comfort to Nomi, as she remains alone in the East Village. Like Nomi, Holden learns an important lesson. Holden discovers that maturing is part of life, and he is unable to stop people from growing up. Lingdi Chen argues â€Å"Holden tells the symbolic meaning of the museum’s displays: they appeal to him because they are frozen and unchanging. He also mentions that he is troubled by the fact that he has changed every time when he returns to them†. Holden believes that humans should also mimic the museum displays, and to be true to oneself, one must never change. Holden’s way of thinking enables himself from making friends, as he does not want a relationship with someone who changes. Holden fails to realize that people are always changing as they need to mature and develop character. He would rather save children and prevent them from entering the adult world, so they can maintain their innocence. It is until Holden is with his sister Phoebe, that he makes a realization about human nature. Holden thinks to himself after seeing Phoebe on a carousel trying to catch a ring, â€Å"The things with kids is, if they want to grab the gold ring you have to let them do it and not say anything† (Salinger 221). When Holden allows Phoebe to grab the ring he realizes that people have to learn lessons for themselves, and he cannot protect people from making mistakes, he realizes that these lessons make people grow. Even though there is a possibility that Phoebe may fall catching the ring it allows her to learn and make better judgements. Holden firmly believed that people are phony for changing themselves, but that is because he did not consider that people have to mature. Since Holden was isolated and confined in his sister for comfort, he realized that he cannot prevent people from growing up and people need new journeys. Both, Nomi and Holden learned and grew for the better from their isolation. Nomi Nickel has grown appreciative of her Mennonite community, and Holden has realized that to grow people have to change and make mistakes. They both make these realizations as a result of their isolation. Although, people may need their personal space to think, completely isolating oneself may not be a clever idea. Isolation can cause for problems such as depression, it is better to be open minded to others and the surroundings as new valuable lessons can be learned. Works Cited Birns, Margaret Boe. â€Å"A Complicated Kindness.† Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO, 2007. Web. 31 May 2013. Lingdi Chen. â€Å"An Analysis of the Adolescent Problems in The Catcher in the Rye.† Asian Social Science. N.p., May 2009. Web. 31 May 2013. Privitera, Lisa. â€Å"Holden’s Irony in Salinger’s THE CATCHER IN THE RYE.† Academic Search Alumni Edition. EBSCO, 2008. Web. 31 May 2013. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print. Toews, Miriam. A Complicated Kindness: A Novel. New York: Counterpoint, 2004. Print.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Essay Example All of the above generates quite a challenge, given that many adult ADHD patients are self-diagnosed when they first seek clinical help. In addition to this physicians, psychiatrists and clinicians are often unfamiliar with the subtleties of adult presentations of a classically childhood disorder. In general sense ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is nothing more than parents or others seeking a medical explanation for behavior they cannot manage to control (Nigel et al, 2001:2.18). This is one of the biggest reason why ADHD is underestimated or a hidden problem in Adults. Occasionally, we may all have difficulty sitting still, paying attention or controlling impulsive behavior. For some people, the problem is so pervasive and persistent that it interferes with their daily life, including home, academic, social and work settings. Medical science first documented children exhibiting inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity in 1902. Since that time, the disorder has been given numerous names, including Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Hyper-kinetic Reaction of Childhood, and Attention-Deficit Disorder With or Without Hyperactivity. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition (DSM-IV from the American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification system, the disorder has been renamed to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ... Since that time, the disorder has been given numerous names, including Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Hyper-kinetic Reaction of Childhood, and Attention-Deficit Disorder With or Without Hyperactivity. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition (DSM-IV from the American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification system, the disorder has been renamed to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Here ADHD is described within two clusters of symptoms: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Each of this two areas, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, are composed of nine different symptoms. These symptoms are listed in Attachment II. Beside these symptoms there needs to be clear evidence of significant impairment in the functioning of the person. Problems also have to persist for a minimum of half a year, and the first signs should be ascertained before the age of seven. Finally one must not be able to explain the symptoms by other diagnoses. Additional impairment has to be present in several situations in the person's life. As people can show symptoms from both areas, three subtypes define ADHD: 1. Combined Type This is the most common type, and means the person has six or more symptoms in each category 2. Predominantly Inattentive Type This means the person has six or more inattention symptoms but fewer than six hyperactivity symptoms. 3. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type This is the least common type and means that the person has six or more hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms but fewer than six inattention symptoms. Origin It is generally agreed upon that ADHD develops most common in early youth. There has long been debate over the direction of causation

Friday, September 27, 2019

Cross-cultural Conflicts and Leadership for Managing Conflict Essay

Cross-cultural Conflicts and Leadership for Managing Conflict - Essay Example nment will look briefly at some of the common roots of cross-cultural conflict in global organizations, determine their causes as cited by experts, and consider whether it is possible to mitigate the causes before the conflicts occur. The common roots of cross-cultural conflicts include language differences or misunderstandings in communication, differences of perspectives due to different cultural values and outlooks etc. The way in which messages are communicated is also important as two opposing communication styles can create conflict. For example, American are usually more blunt or direct in communication, preferring to ‘cut to the chase’ whereas in many Asian cultures people are often less blunt and may be perceived by Americans as ‘beating around the bush’ (Ford, 2001). The unfamiliarity with other cultures also leads to people tending to stereotype â€Å"to fill in missing information† (McShane, 2004: 394). Another fundamental cause is the individualist-collectivist divide i.e. both perceive and deal with conflict itself very differently. Direct confrontational conflicts are less likely to occur in collectivist cultures because group commitment, conformity and harmony are greater priorities than for individualists (Carsten, 2007: 28). However, this does not mean that ‘tensions’ do not exist that can affect individual morale and performance. In terms of perceiving the nature of conflict, the realist conception sees it as competition between individuals and groups over incompatible goals or scarce resources, whilst the constructivist conception puts it down to â€Å"divergent perceptions or beliefs about the nature of the situation, the other party or oneself† (Kevin, 2004). In practice, combinations of the two underlying factors may be at play i.e. ‘mixed motives’. Before taking steps to merge or acquire foreign companies for example, the two cultures must be analysed for compatibility. For single multicultural organization interested in

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Argumentative research paper on How Violent Video Games Have A

Argumentative on How Violent Video Games Have A Negative Effect On Child Development and The Solution - Research Paper Example Infamous events have produced broad debate regarding the negative effects of video game violence. For example, a national conversation ensued regarding what relationship video games had to the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 when two students massacred 13 and wounded 23 before committing suicide. Though many motivations were probably involved, it is not practically feasible to identify exactly what provoked these teenagers to gun down their schoolmates and teachers but violent video games were and continue to be mentioned as a contributing factor. These two students had frequently played Doom, a bloody and brutal firearms game which is used by the U.S. military to instruct the armed forces how to kill with more effectiveness. To what extent this particular video game influenced the actions of these two high school students has been debated since this tragic incident. The entertainment medium, it is generally accepted, is an enormously influential dynamic in everyone’s l ives. â€Å"What behaviors children and adults consider appropriate comes, in part, from the lessons we learn from television and the movies† (Huesmann & Miller, 1994). It is logical to expect video games, especially those that depict violence, will have similar and perhaps a more extensive effect on violent behavior. Currently, few studies exist which have comprehensively examines the connection between violent video games and violent actions by children. As video games are increasingly becoming more explicit and brutal as well as more widespread, additional research is needed concerning the effects on the easily influenced minds of the children who play them and a clearer explanation to parents of the risks associated with these violent games. Not everyone agrees that video games lead to violent behavior. For example, according to James Potter, the Bugs Bunny and Roadrunner shows alone exhibited more instances of explicit violence than kid’s witness today during an a fternoon of playing video games. Watching violent acts, particularly those in the realm of make-believe, do not automatically translate to violent acts. â€Å"When certain motives or cues occur in a child’s real-life environment, the child will not be able to make the association between those cues and the image he or she saw in the media. Thus children seem to be protected from an imitation effect because they do not understand the significance of violence as a tool for solving problems and do not see the utility in imitating it† (Potter, 2002, P. 75). Children today as yesterday fully recognize the difference between reality and what they are seeing or experiencing on the television screen whether it’s a cartoon or game they are playing. There is currently no scientific data to conclusively tell whether or not playing a violent video game heightens a child’s susceptibility for aggressive thought. When video games initially appeared about 35 years ago, t hey were basic and seemingly harmless. With the introduction of the game Pong, Atari pioneered the video game during the 1970’s. Pong was the video game version of table tennis. In the 1980’s arcade games such as Pac-Man and Asteroids were popular. The seemingly innocuous nature of video games markedly turned from cartoon-like ghost munching to brazen violence in the 1990’s. The most popular game of 1993, Mortal Kombat, featured accurate depictions of human-like characters engaged in bloody battles. The objective

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Crimes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crimes - Research Paper Example Murder is considered the most serious violent crime and its punishment is life prison, long prison life or capital punishment (death). Different states have different laws in relation to murder but the common division is manslaughter and murder. Murder is where the killer thought and intended to kill without a justifiable reason. In this case, the killer does not have a reasonable explanation to commit the crime. Murder can also take place under the felony-murder rule. Where one in the course of committing a felony such as robbery kills somebody else, he is charged with murder although there was no initial plan or premeditation. In this case, the person acted in a dangerous way and his behavior led to the death of somebody else. The difference between manslaughter and murder therefore is in the fact that there is no premeditation in manslaughter. Manslaughter is further divided into voluntary and involuntary categories. Voluntary manslaughter means that the intention to kill is there but it comes up suddenly due to intense emotions but it was not planned. In this case, there is no cooling off period between the action that brought the aggravation and the killing. There is no intention to kill but it happens due to carelessness or negligence. Voluntary manslaughter is not as serious as murder but it results to prison time. The only killing where the killer is released from responsibility is killing in self defense (Storing, 1981). Crimes against Property Crimes against property are those which involve theft without any force or threat directed towards a person. These include burglary, motor vehicle theft, larceny-theft and arson. Burglary is where one enters into somebody else's property such as a building to steal something. Lacenny-theft does not involve entry into a person's property but it is the unlawful taking of property. Embezzlement involves the changing something that was lawfully acquired to conduct unlawful activities. In embezzlement, the property must have come to the suspect's possession through a fiduciary relationship. It involves an element of breach of trust. It is necessary to prove breach of trust by showing that the property in question was handled in a manner that is not consisted with the trust arrangement. The required mental state for one to be accused of embezzlement is that there must have had been an intent to defraud and convert the property in question. Other types of crimes against property include fa lse pretenses and receiving stolen property. In false pretenses, a person is deceived to give up his rightful ownership or possession of property with an intention of converting the property to personal use. Possession or concealing, receiving and buying of stolen property also constitute of a crime against property. Under the crimes against property, extortion is the only intent crime. Another word for extortion is blackmail. It involves the taking of

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Teacher Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teacher Evaluation - Essay Example There are teachers who don't teach very well according to my evaluation but still students are able to score high grades in their courses. Hence the greatest challenge while teaching is to measure the effectiveness of a teacher. The evaluation process used is quite simple. The process includes the evaluation of the average grade report of the class the teacher is teaching. There is a separate teacher's evaluation form that is filled by each and every student, without their names. I regularly inspect classes and the way teachers are teaching. All these methods combine to give us a clear picture of how the teacher is teaching and help us to evaluate his or her performance. From my point of view a regular visit of 5 to 10 minutes in a class by a principle is good enough to inspect a teacher but then the principle has to make sure the visit is unannounced, which will give the principle a clear view of what is happening (Danielson & McGreal, 2000). Long observing hours distract the students and teachers both hence short and regular observing periods are most suitable. Well there are a number of settings, for example a teacher assigns some work to the students and then we observe how is he or she helping the students in completing their work, it shouldn't be overdone like the teacher shouldn't help the student too much or too less. There should be a balance. Then a teacher is observed while giving a lecture to check on the methods that are being used, we prefer interactive lectures that keep the students interest, boring and less interactive sessions are of no help to the teacher and the students both. These settings are important as being a teacher is not that difficult but handling situations and maintaining the interest of the class in a lecture are two difficult things that a good teacher must learn. We can learn how well the teacher is at maintaining healthy relationships plus a good teacher will always have a scheduled life. An effective teacher would always be motivating people around as that's how he treats the students in his or her class. A teacher should be polite and should listen to each and everyone. We don't often use conferencing techniques while evaluating a teacher but in some cases where problems are being faced by the students and no possible solution is being derived and the root cause is not being caught, we prefer conferencing. The teacher goes through a brief meeting with the principle and other higher staff members like the vice principle and the coordinator. The primary concern for holding a teacher incompatible to teach in any class is the fact that the students do not understand the core concepts of the course and the overall grades are lower than expected. After the initial assessment of the teacher we predict an average grade of the class keeping in mind the ability of the students and the past trends. If the grades are higher or lower than expected we conduct an evaluation of the reasons for that and then accordingly change our evaluations about the teacher. If the teacher is performing at a higher level than expected we do promote the teacher in terms of the class and rewards are also given, in case a teacher does not want renewal of contract than a meeting is held where the vice principal the coordinator and the principle talk to the teacher for the reasons of this demand and try to make every possible

Monday, September 23, 2019

Virtual Learning Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Virtual Learning Environments - Essay Example VLE's or Virtual Learning Environments are better known as E learning environments aimed at providing appropriate learning elements for students to meet online and exchange academic perspectives regardless of time and spatial considerations. (Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), The VLE has eliminated geographical and cultural barriers in learning and has innovated the conventional means of physical learning in class room based academic strategies characterised by the presence of a teacher with time constraints. (Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), Academic opinion has thus regarded this as a form of constructive learning overcoming the conventional mode of "transfer of knowledge" by a teacher based upon the focal role of computer networking across geographical boundaries. In this vein this essay explores whether the academia has actually benefited from the infusion of new technology and some legal issues presented by the activities with in the "Walled Garden". (Costa, A.C., Verburg, R., Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002).The paper also argues that the transition within the conventional modes of physical teaching will take time to absorb to this new concept of the Walled garden. The literature has shown a redefined role for the teachers and the learners due to the introduction of the VLE's.This is particularly so as we are looking at the modern teacher as a facilitator rather than an instructor who is able to interact with the students outside the traditional class room. (Costa, A.C., Verburg, R., Andriessen, J.H.E. 2002), The VLE is a product of the higher data transfer speed and broader bandwidths which has allowed the production of high quality multi-media communication (MMC) tools which are aimed at facilitating the student base to offer a richer media for students to interact and communicate their academic concerns. (Gaver, W. 1996). However the use of the VLE has come with its own social and technical nuances for the academia as the professors and students alike show reluctance in accepting the technological "threat" to their traditional educational environments. (Gaver, W. 1996), For example the traditional learning systems were still unfamiliar with peer collaboration, freedom of expression and academic criticism and tolerance of different political views. Thus the success of the VLE as an educational aid is not solely based upon the sound technological infrastructures and improved interface design but upon the design of social environments which the Walled Garden aims to create. (Gaver, W. 1996), This would require careful planning ,defining of roles and regulating any chances of unpleasantness amongst the members as new attitudes and learning styles are encountered. Even though the VLEs are learner-centred environments the danger is that

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Marketing Plan for a New Fair Trade Coffee Company Coursework

Marketing Plan for a New Fair Trade Coffee Company - Coursework Example The price fixing mechanisms in fair trade, meanwhile, involve setting up floor prices to be market prices, with buyers agreeing not to purchase products lower than those market prices, in the name of providing fair prices to the producers of agricultural produce and derivatives from the developing world (Fair Trade Foundation 2011). The name of the company is Freeflowing Coffee Inc, and the fair trade product for this marketing plan is coffee. This marketing plan takes note that in the UK, there is a wide range of product choices available to the UK customer that all fall within the category of fair trade coffee, and this paper presents a marketing plan to introduce a fair trade coffee brand, FreeFlowing Coffee, into the UK market (Fair Trade Foundation 2011; Global Exchange 2011). II. Situation Analysis A. External Analysis- PESTLE A.1. Political The level of political integration with the rest of Europe is high. That said, the UK has remained separate from the EU's monetary policy and union, choosing instead to engage the EU nations in trade. The UK engages the world politically as a major western power, and its stature is confirmed by its being part of the UN Security Council. Politically, therefore, the country has clout and some stability that allows its citizens to engage the world in trade on positive terms (Central Intelligence Agency 2013; CIPD 2013). A.2. Economic The UK economy is strong and resilient, one of the biggest in Europe. Recent financial crises have spun government measures to tighten its spending. The previous year was also marked by a contraction of the economy, as the UK continues to reel from the economic crisis of the past several years. That said, the economy remains relatively large and resilient... This article approves that the level of political integration with the rest of Europe is high. That said, the UK has remained separate from the EU's monetary policy and union, choosing instead to engage the EU nations in trade. The UK engages the world politically as a major western power, and its stature is confirmed by its being part of the UN Security Council. Politically, therefore, the country has clout and some stability that allows its citizens to engage the world in trade on positive terms. This paper makes a conclusion that there are many ways to segment the market for fair trade coffee consumers in the UK, the most obvious of which relates to certain demographic characteristics relating to level of education and level of income. Income levels are implicit in the way fair trade coffee discussions center on providing fair prices plus a premium to existing players in the space. This means that the income demographic for the potential target market is also those who have middle class income levels. In terms of educational attainment, it is clear from the level of sophistication of existing customers of fair trade coffee that the level of education of the target market is tertiary or higher. Looking at the existing players for fair trade coffee in the UK market, one sees that with the exception of Starbucks, which as a high price and high quality positioning the rest of the market is impliedly located in the high price and low quality as well as low price and high quality quadrants. Decidedly, the positioning for FreeFlowing Coffee is high price, to position it as a premium brand.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Katie and Rudolfs wedding day Essay Example for Free

Katie and Rudolfs wedding day Essay Rodolfo then narrates a story of the most memorable moment in his life; this also gives away a lot of information about his character. He informs us that he got to perform in a hotel because the entertainer was ill. He boasts about how he sang without a single mistake. This shows us that Rodolfo loves being the centre of attention and is probably a keen romantic. From his speech I also gained that hes the type of person whos not afraid to show his feelings. Rodolfo is then persuaded by Katie to sing for them. Rodolfo isnt hesitant and he gets up and begins to sing. Katie was obviously enjoying it. I got the impression that she really liked him. Eddie then firmly tells Rodolfo to stop singing. This was infuriating to the audience, as Eddie obviously picked up on the fact that Katie liked Rodolfo. Also he was probably jealous of the attention Rodolfo was getting. After all Eddie is used to being the only man around the house and he is used to getting attention off of Katie. Beatrice makes a comment that acquires the audience pondering over whether Eddie fancies Catherine. All through the play Eddie has been trying to stop her from seeing other men or even walking past them, so the audience already had slight suspicions. But Beatrices remark about them not having sex for three months makes the audience wonder even more about whether Eddie has sexual feelings for his niece. Beatrice also asks When am I going to be a wife again Eddie? Which made me feel sorry for Beatrice as she obviously loves him very much and cant grasp why he doesnt love her the same way. This section of the play, backs up any past evidence of Eddie fancying Katie. Rodolfo offers to take Katie to Times Square one evening. Eddie doesnt allow them to go. He seems jealous and probably is, but he attempts to disguise his jealousy as concern for Rodolfos well being. He says its because immigration might catch them, but the audience suspect otherwise. I again felt tremendously irritated by Eddies behaviour. I also think this is when Beatrice picks up on Eddies feelings for Katie. I felt incredibly bothered by Eddies actions in this section of the play, because he punches Rodolfo. He makes a blatant attempt to disguise it as an accident, which was easily done, as he was play fighting with Rodolfo. Marco sees through Eddies attempt and is angry. He cunningly threatens Eddie by lifting up a chair with one hand over his head, this shows his strength, and he then asks Eddie if he can do it. He says it as if to tell Eddie to leave his brother alone, or hell have him to deal with. Eddie tries to lift the chair but doesnt manage it. I think this is the first time in the play Eddie finds it a strain having a stronger male figure in his house. Alfieri is a key character in the play as he is very prophetic and predicts that there will be a tragic outcome. When Eddie visits Alfieri regarding legally preventing Rodolfo seeing Katie, Alfieri advises him to let them be. Eddie is defiant and ignores Alfieris advice and ships Rodolfo and Marco anonymously to immigration.  Immigration arrives at the house and both Rodolfo and Marco are arrested. At this point I felt exceptionally upset as Katie and Rodolfo had found love and Marco was working to feed his family. Eddie had hit a new low, this was unforgivable. Luckily Rodolfo was allowed to stay in the country as he was getting married to Catherine and becoming a citizen. But Marco was going to be sent back, so from this Eddie gained nothing but hatred from his family, as they all suspected and knew it was him. Marco was UN describingly furious with Eddie and threatened to kill him.  Eddie tried to explain his actions to Katie by saying that Rodolfo was trying to use her for a passport. This upset Katie and I was upset for her too. Eddie should not have interfered. The tragic and inevitable ending comes on Katie and Rudolfs wedding day. Eddie does everything in his power to prevent Beatrice from attending her nieces wedding. Rodolfo tries to apologise to Eddie, which I thought was a nice gesture but in my opinion Rodolfo wasnt in the wrong. To that Eddie replies, Its not Rodolfo thats stolen my name, Its Marco He then demands to see Marco. Its at this point in the play where Eddie cracks. Before, he made his feelings known without being too upfront and obvious, but now he seems to erupt like a volcano and makes his hatred for Marco and Rodolfo known. In an attempt to prevent Eddie from locating Marco, Beatrice brings up the subject of Eddies true feelings for Katie. Beatrice knows this is a touchy subject and is certain this is the reason why Eddie has been acting so bizarrely the past couple of months. Eddie is outraged that his wife would think of him like that. He just replies by saying Is that what you think of me, huh? Then rapidly changing the subject back to Marco he storms off in a rage to track him down. Eddie finds Marco and demands Marco apologises to him. Marco refuses and declares that Eddie should be apologising to him. A brawl commences and the tragic ending we had been waiting for, for the duration of the play comes to a head. Marco stabs Eddie in front of several spectators. Despite what Eddie had done Katie still kneels at his frozen body weeping, as does Beatrice. I think this is when you feel most upset for Eddie since although he made a mistake or two, in my opinion he didnt deserve to loose his life for it. I also felt sorry for Beatrice because she lost her husband and also for Katie because she had lost yet another father figure.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Repurposing as a Future Strategy for Pharmaceutical Research

Repurposing as a Future Strategy for Pharmaceutical Research With the urgent need for new treatments for serious diseases and concerns about other existing unmet patient needs as well as the cost of traditional drug discovery and other productivity issues on the constant increase, drug repurposing has become an attractive alternative. Drug repurposing is defined as the process of discovering new indications for existing drug compounds (Tari and Patel, 2014). Tari Patel (2014) further explain that the concept behind drug repurposing is â€Å"that novel drug indications can be identified based on the principle that a primary drug target can be associated with diseases other than its original drug indication.† Various systematic approaches have been proposed for finding new indications for drugs; some of this include discovering drugs hat share a significant number of side effects as they may have similar actions and those with similar chemical compounds. The most cited success for drug repositioning is sildenafil, a drug developed by Pfi zer and originally indicated for the treatment of angina but was discovered to show an improvement in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction as well (Pantziarka et al, 2014) [online] Drug repurposing is becoming the surest way to both provide treatment for both new and old diseases, as well as reducing greatly the cost of production of these treatments. Persidis (2011) [online] lists a couple of advantages crediting this, some of which include that pre-existing drugs or those which have been proven to be safe at late-stage trials greatly reduce development risk even when repurposed for potentially new indications. The article continues to add that there is a massive money saving advantage when comparing launching a repurposed drug into the market with launching a completely new formulation to pharmaceutical companies owning original use rights to the drug. On the other hand, NCBI suggests that as drugs are only approved for specific therapeutic indications within clear safety boundaries and after intense investigation, finding new drug-target interactions is most often hampered by safety issues regarding dosage and delivery capability as discovery of a repurposed drug working within the approved therapeutic window is a rare occurrence; suggesting also that even in a case where appropriate formulations and delivery devices were available to eliminate the problems associated with dosage and delivery within the narrow therapeutic window, the issue of lack of integration with pharmaceutical and toxicological sciences still persists. These go without including the problems associated with protection of intellectual property as various new drug-target-disease triplets are often disclosed by various online databases. Repositioned drugs have been a huge success in providing effective remedies for a large number of patients suffering from a wide range of diseases, have promised to deliver new treatments for even more diseases including some of the most perverse diseases the plague the central nervous system, cardio-vascular system, many metabolic disorders and cancer. Precisely, the scope of drug repurposing can be widened in future to cater for the development of drugs with multiple targets as in the area of oncology and those which target disease in various ways as in obesity. It can even more importantly create opportunities for the development of second-generation drugs (Sehkon, 2013) Therefore, despite any disadvantages that may arise in the process of repositioning drugs, the process remains the most effective of its kind in recent times and hence plays a very important role in pharmaceutical research concerning future drug discovery. It is important to note that though most repurposed drugs have desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties especially those that have passed various clinical trial stages about 2000 of these drugs lie dormant of various companies’ shelves and Barratt and Frail (2012) suggest that this number grows at the rate of 150-200 drugs every year. Sequentially, this number creates more than adequate substrate on which a repurposing strategy can be developed and as discontinued compounds are a by-product of carrying out business in the pharmaceutical environment, there will never be a shortage of them. Hence, learning from these failures and applying the ever evolving science behind human biology and diseases will not only salvage efforts made in the research and development environment but also lead to the development of a very viable business model while significantly decreasing the risk of failure, cost of production and cycle time. Bibliography Sehkon, BS 2013, ‘Repositioning drugs and biologics: Retargeting old/existing drugs for potential new therapeutic applications’, Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education Research, 4, 1, pp. 1-15, Academic Search Index, EBSCOhost, viewed 18 November 2014. Tari, L. B. and Patel J. H. (2014) [online] ‘Systematic Drug Repurposing Through Text Mining’ Biomedical Literature Mining vol. 1159, pp. 253-267 Available at: http://www.springerprotocols.com/Abstract/doi/10.1007/978-1-4939-0709-0_14 [Accessed: 18th November, 2014] Barratt, M. J. and Frail, D. E. (2012) Drug repositioning: Bringing New Life to Shelved Assets and Existing Drugs John Wiley Sons, Inc. Pantziarka, P., Bouche, G., Meheus, L.., Sukhatme, V., Sukhatme, V. P. (2014) [online] ‘The Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO) Project’ ecancermedicalscience pp. 3 Available at: http://ecancer.org/journal/8/full/442-the-repurposing-drugs-in-oncology-redo-project.php [Accessed: 17th November, 2014] Persidis, A. (2011) [online] ‘The benefits of drug repositioning’ Drug Discovery World Available at: http://www.ddw-online.com/business/p142737-the-benefits-of-drug-repositioning-spring-11.html [Accessed: 17th November, 2014] Tudor I. Oprea, Julie E. Bauman,Cristian G. Bologa, Tione Buranda, Alexandre Chigaev, Bruce S. Edwards, Jonathan W. Jarvik, Hattie D. Gresham,Mark K. Haynes,Brian Hjelle,Robert Hromas,Laurie Hudson,Debra A. Mackenzie,Carolyn Y. Muller,John C. Reed,Peter C. Simons,Yelena Smagley,Juan Strouse, Zurab Surviladze,Todd Thompson,Oleg Ursu,Anna Waller,Angela Wandinger-Ness,Stuart S. Winter,Yang Wu,Susan M. Young,Richard S. Larson,Cheryl Willman,andLarry A. Sklar (2012) [online] ‘Drug repurposing from an academic perspective’

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Huck Finn Racism Essay -- essays research papers

"To Be or not To Be" In extreme cases the book, Huckleberry Finn, has been banned from some schools because of the depiction of racial tension towards Jim, the black slave, in Huckleberry Finn. This story takes place at a time where slavery was considered moral. Blacks were considered inferior to whites, but Huckleberry challenges the notion that he was raised upon. Through Huckleberry’s adventures Twain expresses his challenge towards civilization’s rules and moral code. One must read between the lines and reach for the meaning in Mark Twain’s subtle literature dialog. If one were to do this that one would realize that it is not racist, but anti-slavery. For someone to think that Twain considering the era was racist would ludicrous. Considering that Mark Twain is a revolutionary writer and must use detail from an era to make the story unique he shouldn’t be considered racist. Their time period is set around the Civil War which was fought for abolishment of slavery. Huck to some people would be the argument for Twain’s racism, but Huck was raised from a boy by people with extreme hatred towards blacks such like Pap and Miss Watson. Even if bigotry was part of Huck’s attitude towards blacks it should be excused. Towards the end of the novel Huck encounters Aunt Sally who makes a remark towards blacks. She remarked that thank god no one was hurt ...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Wife of Bath in Chaecers Canterbury Tales Essay -- The Wife of Bath E

In the Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer the story tells about men and women going on pilgrimages, among them the Wife of Bath in search of her 6th husband, who go on a journey to pay their respect to Sir Thomas à ¡ Becket. During the story the Wife of Bath strongly expresses herself as a very strong woman and knows what she expects with the men shes with. As well as this, with all her beauty and respect she was given in life the Wife of Bath displays herself highly. Finally, she ideals her actions with the knowledge she knows from the Bible. Therefore, because of her control, beauty, and knowledge the Wife of Bath is a woman that most women would look up to. With the Wife of Bath's five different husbands and the search of a new one, she didn't only know what she wanted but how to get it, she did this through ways of being controlling and selfish, but still, came out succeeding at the end of her relationships. The Wife of Bath, with her simple words of the five men she had been with, it was easily detailed with what mattered to her "they were good, and rich, and old, they were scarcely able to keep the statute by which they were bound to me" (p. 191). This is an explaination of exactly what she wanted and how she was able to be continue to be stable. Her unbelieveable control for the husbands she had, in which she thought they would be her "debtor and slave" (p. 189). Chaucer is expressing the sexual, as well as, the controlling side of the Wife of Bath, this also shows the unrealistic expectations she brought forth. At last, she tells exactly how she feels "you should speak thus and put them in the wrong, for no man can perjure hi mself and lie half so boldly as a woman can" (p. 193). Convicing her husbands ... ...ity, this knowledge was important. Chaucer details of society in that day in age, as well as, his detailed information of the Wife of Bath encompassed values in which women still admire today. Women still seek to have a more powerful role in society, even though still today there is a struggle to reach the top. Still today, the perfection you bring to your personal appearance gets your farther in life. Finally, when the reliance in the Bible and how still to this day church and state combine ideas, having a knowledge of the stories in the Bible shows a woman that is full of morals, values, and a good standard of living. Because of all of this, the Wife of Bath showed many sides of herself that may be hard to believe but yet still the backbone of all of it, is what most women try to do with their lives: be stable, powerful, happy, beautiful, and good morals.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

physics lab speed of sound in air :: essays research papers

Physics Waves Lab SL Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This lab will investigate the properties of mechanical waves such as a longitudinal wave, focusing on the question: Does a change in the frequency of a wave result in a significant and convincing change in the speed of the wave? Hypothesis: Changing the frequency of the wave will not result in a change in speed because the wavelength will change proportionally as in theory. Student Designed Investigation Procedure/ Planning Procedure: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three students would get into a group. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Slinky would be spread along a table or along the floor and set up as it shows on the diagram above for about 4 meters. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For proper data, the length of the floor was measured and marked with a tape. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A student would make small waves, while another would time it with a stopwatch until it reaches the other side. This step would be repeated, however the wave would be bigger or smaller, in order to find out if changing the frequency, the speed would change. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the data recoded for many different waves, the velocity would be compared for all of them. Materials: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slinky 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role-up meter stick 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stopwatch 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tape 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pen/Pencil 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three Lab partners Proposal (diagram) of each Trial: Trial 1:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trial 2:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trial 3: Trial 4: Trial 5: Planning: According to theory, as frequency changes, the wavelength will change proportionally; therefore, speed will remain the same. By following the procedure that our student design recommends, it will successfully control the variables that should not be changed, such as the slinky, its stretch distance, and the temperature, in order to prove the theory above. The independent variable would be the frequency of the wave, which would change in every trial, while the dependent would be time, which would later be used to find the speed of the traveling wave. In order to collect data, two students would hold the slinky while on would make waves, and a third person would measure the time. A table similar to this should be done after collecting data: Trial  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frequency  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speed. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An estimation of the number of waves over time.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time it took for the first wave to reach the end.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Speed=distance/time 2†¦(more trials) 5 recommended  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Data Calculations: The student should fill the table above, and compare the results. After collection the speed of each wave, a graph should be drawn where the y axis is the speed, and the x axis should be the frequency. Uncertainty: The uncertainty of this lab would be based on the timing of the student, and the distance that was measured for the slinky.

Monday, September 16, 2019

About Martin Luther

Martin Luther I Have a Dream From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the Martin Luther King Jr. speech. For other uses, see I Have a Dream (disambiguation). Martin Luther King, Jr. delivering â€Å"I Have a Dream† at the 1963 Washington D. C. Civil Rights March. | â€Å"I Have a Dream†Menu0:0030-second sample from â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. | Problems listening to this file? See media help. | â€Å"I Have a Dream† is a public speech by American activist Martin Luther King, Jr.It was delivered by King on the afternoon of Wednesday, August 28, 1963, in which he called for an end to racism in the United States. The speech, delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement. [1] Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamatio n, which freed millions of slaves in 1863,[2] King examines that â€Å"one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. [3] At the end of the speech, King departed from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme of â€Å"I have a dream†, possibly prompted by Mahalia Jackson's cry, â€Å"Tell them about the dream, Martin! â€Å"[4] In this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners and has now become the most famous, King described dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred. [5] The speech was ranked the top American speech of the 20th century by a 1999 poll of scholars of public address. [6] Contents * 1 Background * 1. Speech title and the writing process * 2 The speech * 2. 1 Similarities and allusions * 3 Responses * 4 Legacy * 5 Copyright dispute * 6 References * 7 External links| Background View from the Lincoln Memorial toward the Washington Monument on August 28, 1963 The location on the steps of th e Lincoln Memorial from which King delivered the speech is commemorated with this inscription. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was partly intended to demonstrate mass support for the civil rights legislation proposed by President Kennedy in June.King and other leaders therefore agreed to keep their speeches calm, and to avoid provoking the civil disobedience which had become the hallmark of the civil rights movement. King originally designed his speech as a homage to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the 100-year centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation[5] Speech title and the writing process King had been preaching about dreams since 1960, when he gave a speech to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) called â€Å"The Negro and the American Dream†.This speech discusses the gap between the American dream and the American lived reality, saying that overt white supremacists have violated the dream, bu t also that â€Å"our federal government has also scarred the dream through its apathy and hypocricy, its betrayal of the cause of justice†. King suggests that â€Å"It may well be that the Negro is God’s instrument to save the soul of America. â€Å"[7][8] He had also delivered a â€Å"dream† speech in Detroit, in June 1963, when he marched on Woodward Avenue with Walter Reuther and the Reverend C. L. Franklin, and had rehearsed other parts. 9] The March on Washington Speech, known as â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech†, has been shown to have had several versions, written at several different times. [10] It has no single version draft, but is an amalgamation of several drafts, and was originally called â€Å"Normalcy, Never Again. † Little of this, and another â€Å"Normalcy Speech,† ends up in the final draft. A draft of â€Å"Normalcy, Never Again† is housed in the Morehouse College Martin Luther King, Jr. Collection of Robert W. Woodr uff Library of the Atlanta University Center and Morehouse College. [11] Our focus on â€Å"I have a dream,† comes through the speech's delivery.Toward the end of its delivery, noted African American gospel singer Mahalia Jackson shouted to Dr. King from the crowd, â€Å"Tell them about the dream, Martin. â€Å"[12] Dr. King stopped delivering his prepared speech and started â€Å"preaching†, punctuating his points with â€Å"I have a dream. † The speech was drafted with the assistance of Stanley Levison and Clarence Benjamin Jones[13] in Riverdale, New York City. Jones has said that â€Å"the logistical preparations for the march were so burdensome that the speech was not a priority for us† and that â€Å"on the evening of Tuesday, Aug. 7, [12 hours before the March] Martin still didn't know what he was going to say†. [14] Leading up to the speech's rendition at the Great March on Washington, King had delivered its â€Å"I have a dream† r efrains in his speech before 25,000 people in Detroit's Cobo Hall immediately after the 125,000-strong Great Walk to Freedom in Detroit, June 23, 1963. [15][16] After the Washington, D. C. March, a recording of King's Cobo Hall speech was released by Detroit's Gordy records as an LP entitled â€Å"The Great March To Freedom. â€Å"[17] The speechWidely hailed as a masterpiece of rhetoric, King's speech invokes the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the United States Constitution. Early in his speech, King alludes to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by saying â€Å"Five score years ago†¦ † King says in reference to the abolition of slavery articulated in the Emancipation Proclamation, â€Å"It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. † Anaphora, the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of sentences, is a rhetorical tool employed throughout the speech.An example of anaphora is found early as King urges his audience to seize the moment: â€Å"Now is the time†¦ † is repeated four times in the sixth paragraph. The most widely cited example of anaphora is found in the often quoted phrase â€Å"I have a dream†¦ † which is repeated eight times as King paints a picture of an integrated and unified America for his audience. Other occasions when King used anaphora include â€Å"One hundred years later,† â€Å"We can never be satisfied,† â€Å"With this faith,† â€Å"Let freedom ring,† and â€Å"free at last. King was the sixteenth out of eighteen people to speak that day, according to the official program. 18] According to U. S. Representative John Lewis, who also spoke that day as the president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, â€Å"Dr. King had the power, the ability, and the capacity to transform those steps on the Lincoln Memorial into a monumental area that will forever be recognized. By speaking the way he did, h e educated, he inspired, he informed not just the people there, but people throughout America and unborn generations. â€Å"[19] The ideas in the speech reflect King's social experiences of the mistreatment of blacks.The speech draws upon appeals to America's myths as a nation founded to provide freedom and justice to all people, and then reinforces and transcends those secular mythologies by placing them within a spiritual context by arguing that racial justice is also in accord with God's will. Thus, the rhetoric of the speech provides redemption to America for its racial sins. [20] King describes the promises made by America as a â€Å"promissory note† on which America has defaulted. He says that â€Å"America has given the Negro people a bad check†, but that â€Å"we've come to cash this check† by marching in Washington, D. C.King's speech includes the line â€Å"I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! â€Å"[21] Similarities and allusions Further information: Martin Luther King, Jr. authorship issues King's speech uses words and ideas from his own speeches and other texts. He had spoken about dreams, quoted from â€Å"My Country ‘Tis of Thee†, and of course referred extensively to the Bible, for years. The idea of constitutional rights as an â€Å"unfulfilled promise† was suggested by Clarence Jones. 7] The closing passage from King's speech partially resembles Archibald Carey, Jr. ‘s address to the 1952 Republican National Convention: both speeches end with a recitation of the first verse of Samuel Francis Smith's popular patriotic hymn â€Å"America† (My Country ’Tis of Thee), and the speeches share the name of one of several mountains from which both exhort â€Å"let freedom ring†. [7] King also is said to have built on Prathia Hall 's speech at the site of a burned-down church in Terrell County, Georgia in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase â€Å"I have a dream†. 22] It also alludes to Psalm 30:5[23] in the second stanza of the speech. King also quotes from Isaiah 40:4-5—†I have a dream that every valley shall be exalted†¦ â€Å"[24] Additionally, King alludes to the opening lines of Shakespeare's â€Å"Richard III† when he remarks, â€Å"this sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn†¦ † Responses The speech was lauded in the days after the event, and was widely considered the high point of the March by contemporary observers. [25] James Reston, writing for the New York Times, said that â€Å"Dr.King touched all the themes of the day, only better than anybody else. He was full of the symbolism of Lincoln and Gandhi, and the cadences of the Bible. He was both militant and sad, and h e sent the crowd away feeling that the long journey had been worthwhile. †[7] Reston also noted that the event â€Å"was better covered by television and the press than any event here since President Kennedy's inauguration,† and opined that â€Å"it will be a long time before [Washington] forgets the melodious and melancholy voice of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. crying out his dreams to the multitude. [26] An article in the Boston Globe by Mary McGrory reported that King's speech â€Å"caught the mood† and â€Å"moved the crowd† of the day â€Å"as no other† speaker in the event. [27] Marquis Childs of The Washington Post wrote that King's speech â€Å"rose above mere oratory†. [28] An article in the Los Angeles Times commented that the â€Å"matchless eloquence† displayed by King, â€Å"a supreme orator† of â€Å"a type so rare as almost to be forgotten in our age,† put to shame the advocates of segregation by in spiring the â€Å"conscience of America† with the justice of the civil-rights cause. 29] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also noticed the speech, which provoked them to expand their COINTELPRO operation against the SCLC, and to target King specifically as a major enemy of the United States. [30] Two days after King delivered â€Å"I Have a Dream†, Agent William C. Sullivan, the head of COINTELPRO, wrote a memo about King's growing influence: In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech yesterday he stands head and shoulders above all other Negro leaders put together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negroes.We must mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this Nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro and national security. [31] The speech was a success for the Kennedy administration and for the liberal civil rights coalition that had planned the March on Washington. Some of the more rad ical Black leaders who were present condemned the speech (along with the rest of the march) as too compromising.Malcolm X later wrote in his Autobiography: â€Å"Who ever heard of angry revolutionaries swinging their bare feet together with their oppressor in lily pad pools, with gospels and guitars and ‘I have a dream' speeches? â€Å"[5] Legacy The March on Washington put pressure on the Kennedy administration to advance civil rights legislation in Congress. [32] The diaries of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. , published posthumously in 2007, suggest that President Kennedy was concerned that if the march failed to attract large numbers of demonstrators, it might undermine his civil rights efforts.In the wake of the speech and march, King was named Man of the Year by TIME magazine for 1963, and in 1964, he was the youngest person ever awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [33][3] In 2002, the Library of Congress honored the speech by adding it to the United States National Recording Re gistry. [34] In 2003, the National Park Service dedicated an inscribed marble pedestal to commemorate the location of King's speech at the Lincoln Memorial. [35] Copyright dispute Because King's speech was broadcast to a large radio and television audience, there was controversy about the copyright status of the speech.If the performance of the speech constituted â€Å"general publication†, it would have entered the public domain due to King's failure to register the speech with the Registrar of Copyrights. If the performance only constituted â€Å"limited publication†, however, King retained common law copyright. This led to a lawsuit, Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. , Inc. v. CBS, Inc. , which established that the King estate does hold copyright over the speech and had standing to sue; the parties then settled.Unlicensed use of the speech or a part of it can still be lawful in some circumstances, especially in jurisdictions under doctrines such as fair use or fair dealing. Under the applicable copyright laws, the speech will remain under copyright in the United States until 70 years after King's death, thus until 2038. â€Å"Martin Luther King† and â€Å"MLK† redirect here. For other uses, see Martin Luther King (disambiguation) and MLK (disambiguation). Martin Luther King, Jr. | King in 1964| Born| Michael King, Jr. January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. | Died| April 4, 1968 (aged  39)Memphis, Tennessee, U. S. | Monuments| Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial| Nationality| American| Alma mater| Morehouse College (B. A. ) Crozer Theological Seminary (B. D. ) Boston University (Ph. D. )| Organization| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)| Influenced  by| Jesus Christ, Abraham Lincoln, Reinhold Niebuhr, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Bayard Rustin, Howard Thurman, Paul Tillich, Leo Tolstoy| Political movement| African-American Civil Rights Movement, Peace movement| Religion| Baptist (Progressive National Baptist Convent ion)| Spouse(s)| Coretta Scott King (1953–1968)|Children| Yolanda Denise-King (1955–2007) Martin Luther King III (b. 1957) Dexter Scott King (b. 1961) Bernice Albertine King (b. 1963)| Parents| Martin Luther King, Sr. Alberta Williams King| Awards| Nobel Peace Prize (1964), Presidential Medal of Freedom (1977, posthumous), Congressional Gold Medal (2004, posthumous)| Signature| | Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience.King has become a national icon in the history of American progressivism. [1] A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an u nsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response.King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. He also established his reputation as a radical, and became an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's COINTELPRO for the rest of his life. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital liaisons and reported on them to government officials, and on one occasion, mailed King a threatening anonymous letter that he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago. In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include poverty and the Vietnam War, alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam†. King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D. C. , called the Poor People's Campaign. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting, and the jury of a 1999 civil trial found Loyd Jowers to be complicit in a conspiracy against King. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U. S. federal holiday in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U. S. have been renamed in his honor. A memorial statue on the National Mall was opened to the public in 2011.

Psy 1010

Psy 110, portions chap 5, 6 & 7M. Dwyer Fall 2009/ Exam #3 Chapter 5 1. What are the four kinds of reinforcers mentioned in your book? Define them and be prepared to give an example of each. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT IS INFORCE A STIMULI NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT IS TO REMOVE A STIMULI POSITIVE PUNISHMENT IS WHEN A TARGITED BEHAVIOUR IS REMOVED BY PRESENTING A STIMULAS shouting at the dog NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT IS WHEN TARGET BEHAVIOUR BY REMOVING A STIMULAS toy removal 2. What are the four schedules of partial reinforcement we discussed? Which produces the highest rate of responding and the most resistance to extinction and why?FIXED INTERVAL reward every 5 mins FIXED RATIO reward every 5 responses VARIABLE INTERVAL an avg. every 3 mins and varied VARIABLE RATIO an avg. every 5 behaviours 3. What is the significance of latent learning and observational learning? How did discovery of these two important types of learning change our definition of psychology? OBERVATIONAL LEARNING learning by l ooking at others by observing LETENT LEARNING learning that is not directly observable 4. Define conditioned taste aversion, instinctual drift, subliminal learning, discovery learning, direct instruction, learning styles.TASTE AVERSION it is when we recognize a taste and in the future we try to avoid it due to its effect to us INSTINCTUAL DRIFT is the tendency of an organism to revert to instinctive behaviors that can interfere with the conditioned response SUBLIMINAL LEARNING sub means below and luminal light it is the theory that states that a person can learn even with little information which if is continuously repeated DISCOVERY LEARNING is when we learn after experiencing something for our self DIRECT INSTRUCTION learning through given instruction e. g. ectures not experiments LERNING STYLE it the type of style that best fits a individual Chapter 6 5. When we have a memory of an event it is a reconstruction of the event. Explain what that means. What information goes into our reconstructions of the past? Previous info Trace memories of the event Past experiences Context of the person asking the question 6. What are the functions, span(capacity), and duration of each of the three types of memory processes? Sensory memory Short term memory Long term memory 7. What happens in sensory store? What does it mean when we say that these processes are preattentive?PREATTENTIVE –SO FAST WE DON’T KNOW WE ARE DOING IT IMAGE IS CREATEDLD WE SCAN IMAGE AND PICK UP INFORMATION THAT WE WANT FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS 8. The three types of processes that go on in short term memory (working memory) are.. I listed them .. beginning with the match-mismatch identification of incoming information, maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal—be able to give a number of examples of the latter†¦ GATHER INFO REHERCE INFO REHERCE IT TILL IT IS STORED IN LONG TERM MEMORY 9. What are proactive and retroactive interference? Be able to give examples.RETRO ACTIVE ability to recall something that you have learned in the past after lerning something new PROACTIVE ability to learn second lesson after learning the both lessons 10. Be able to name and give examples of all the different types of long term memory. SEMANTIC OUR KNOWLOGE ABOUT FACTS FO THE WORLD EPISODIC RECOLLECTION OF EVENTS OF OUR LIVES EXPLICIT MEMORIES WE RECALL INTENTIONALLY AND WHICH WE HAVE CONSTANT AWARENESS IMPLICIT MEMORIES FOR HOW WE DO THINGS PROCEDURAL ABILITY TO IDENTIFY A STIMULAS MORE EASILY OR QUICKLY AFTER WE ENCOUNTER SIMILAR STIMULI 11.Define encoding, storage and retrieval. ENCODING IS THE PROCESS OF GETTING INFORMATION INTO OUR MEMORY BANKS STORING IS THE PROCES OF KEEPING INFORMATION IN OUR MEMORY REVIVAL IS THE REACTIVATION OR RECONSTRUCTION OF EVENTS FROM OUR MEMORY STORAGE 12. What are the different forms of retrieval? Be able to identify one of each in the items on your test.. RECALL – IF U TRULY LEARN IT RECOGNITION- MULTI CHOICE SKETCHY INDERSTAN DING 13. What are the three ways in which the concept of â€Å"specificity of cues† apply to memory retrieval. RELEARN -REAQUIRING KNOWLOGE THAT WE PRVIOUSLYLEARNED BUT FORGOTTEN OVER TIME RECALL-GENERATING PREVIOUSLY GENERATED INFORMATION RECOGNISATION- SELECTIONG INFO FROM ARRY OF INFO THAT WE HAVE PREVIOUSLY LEARNED 14. What do we mean by levels of processing? MARE DEEP REPETITION PROCESS MARE BRAIN MARE 15. What are semantic networks, lexicons, and schemas? (define them). 16. Name five study tips that would improve student test performance. 20 MIN BREAK LONG TERM NO CRAMMING SAME STATE SIT IN SAM SEAT 17. How do we distinguish between false memories or true memories? MORE REHERSAL CONSIDER THE PROBE DISTINCT BW BIAS Chapter 7: 18. What is language?Define it and be able to discuss its basic components. PATTERN OF SIGNALS GENERATIVE AND IS COMPLECATED SYMBOLS WORDS GESTURES RULE BOUND ENCODING AND DECODING IT IS ARBITUARY 19. What are the early stages of language developmen t? The early stages comprise of babbling in children where they utter parts of words which they cannot pronounce but as the early stages pass gradually the child starts to utter words in a more meaning full pattern and the later on in life they interpret words give them meanings this type of behavior is coved in behaviorism where learning is done by observing. 0. Define phonemes, morphemes, babbling, syntax (Of surface and prescriptive grammar, which of these two is taught to us by our elementary and high school teachers? ) Phonemes is the smallest unit of sound Morphemes are composed of phonemes and a number of them to create meaning Babbling is the experimentation of noise making by the child trying to speak making vovel sound 21. Familiarize yourself with and be able to critiques the four theories of language development covered in your book.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

The Stereotypical Image of the American Soldier

Military supremacy is what makes a nation a superpower—with the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States of America is undeniably the only superpower left in the world. No other country at the present world can come close to America’s military prowess.Because the foot soldier is the basic unit of the military, their image is of utmost importance. However, like most professions, there are stereotypes related to the American soldier. These stereotypes, used as propaganda to intimidate the forces of the enemy, may be traced back to the Second World War or maybe earlier (Snellman).Since wars are not that â€Å"encouraged† anymore, the image of the American soldier has been shaped mostly by media, which also paved the way for stereotypes on the American soldier to develop. Stereotypes Because the world has not a seen a major, full-scale, and closely contested war since Vietnam or Korea (Wars after those were mostly one-sided), the image of the American soldier has not been covered as much as they were during times of major conflicts. Movies provided the civilians with an alternative into developing their perceptions regarding the American Soldier.Sadly, these perceptions that the public has come up with are stereotypical and sometimes offensive. The American Soldier as a White Male When we first think of the visual image of the American soldier, the first thing that we would imagine is that of a white male.An American soldier is usually visualized as white, standing bravely with a gun on his hand. This is the case because of two things. First, the whites are considered as the majority race in the US, so the chances of a soldier being white are quite high.Second, the American soldier is also thought to be white most of the time because of the history of the US—In the past up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and maybe until now, the blacks were discriminated greatly.This translated into the white soldier as the image of the American so ldier, even if the African-Americans played an important role during the Civil War. The American soldier is also stereotyped as a male simply because our society is generally a patriarchal society despite the rise of feminism. The American soldier is thought (and should be) to be strong physically.Being physically strong is not an attribute that is associated with women, thus creating the image of the American soldier as masculine. The American Soldier from the Lower Class A job in the army has never been a glamorous or desired job for the public.Enlisting in the army is stereotyped as a last resort to earn a living because the person cannot afford to go to college or get a high paying job. There is some element of truth into this stereotype because this scenario is usually the case. However, that does not mean that all soldiers are from poor economic backgrounds.Some of them may really want to join the army despite having other bigger opportunities as a civilian. This stereotype ma y also have surfaced because the army does not even require a high school diploma (Army. com). The American Soldier as an Independent, Self-reliant, and Assertive Individual Despite being part of the most powerful (in force and number) and advanced army in the world, the American soldier, when he or she is by him- or herself, is stereotyped as independent, self-reliant, and assertive, as they ought to be.The strength of the army is measured by the strength of its soldiers. If even one of its soldiers does not possess the said traits, the strength of the army maybe compromised. Therefore, the public thinks highly of our soldiers as having all those traits mentioned.Sometimes, while practicing their independence or by trying to assert themselves, soldiers may be branded as aggressive, but it is only their eagerness to be independent and assertive that they become stereotyped as aggressive.The public expects the American soldier to be aggressive because they are supposed to be combat-r eady all the time. The American Soldier as a Strict, Stiff, and too Disciplined Person Discipline is one of the core values of the military. Army personnel are expected to conduct themselves properly at all times, but that does not mean that they are always like that even when they are not on duty. Media have portrayed our soldiers as being too strict, too conscious about discipline, and stiff in their movements, even (or especially) the retired ones.This is not a realistic portrayal of the soldiers because it is highly doubtful that they are like that to their families. Although we could expect military men referring to civilians as â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Ma’am,† the chances of father and mother soldiers barking orders at their children and making them do push-ups, crunches, and all those military punishment are slim. The American Soldier as a Grown Man Pictures of American soldiers in the news and especially depictions in movies are almost always a picture of a m ature man. Rarely do we see young soldiers slugging it out on the screen.This stereotype of the American soldier is partly true and partly false—true because today, even if the army does not even require a high school diploma, it is mostly the experienced men that go out into the field, and false because during the previous wars, a lot of young men were forced into battle because of the scarcity in military personnel. Now, young men are no longer forced into action because the army has a lot of experienced men ready to battle all the time. Conclusion The American soldier is one of the enduring images of patriotism in the United States.The American soldier’s image has developed stereotypes through the years because of media coverage and portrayals in films. This has led the public into coming up with stereotypes that are now synonymous to the term American Soldier.Works CitedSnellman, Pekka. â€Å"The Grunt: Analysis of a Stereotype. † Power Pride and Politics in American English. 22 March 2006.University of Tampere. 27 March 2009. . Army. com.Requirements to Join the US Army. 27 March 2009 .

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Critical analysis of page 41-42 of the Great Gatsby

Fitzgerald describes the ‘music’ coming from Gatsby’s house which is effectively used to foreshadow the images of music in the party later in the passage. He also uses the term ‘summer nights’ which presents the reader with the impression of a continuous party and demonstrates more clearly the hedonistic world that the rich inhabited in 1920s America which is further confirmed when Fitzgerald refers to the ‘champagne’ in the next sentence suggesting this expensive delicacy was the normality at these lavish parties. The ‘blue gardens’ in the following sentence gives the reader a vivid picture of the evening light whilst also using the metaphor to evoke a feeling of beauty regarding Gatsby’s party within the readers mind. The image of the comings and goings being ‘like moths’ gives the idea of the fleetingness of the upper class guests that have no real purpose or aims but to drift at these parties. Fitzgerald uses the term ‘men and girls’ as opposed to referring to the ‘girls’ as women, perhaps suggesting at the immaturity of these women, so much so that they appeared to be like little girls. The use of the word ‘whisperings’ creates a sensual feeling in the reader as it appears romantic and furtive but also could refer to the gossiping ways of the wealthy party guests. The image of ‘the stars’ induces both a vision of peaceful night sky, which contrasts the lively atmosphere of the party and therefore highlighting this further to the reader, but also presents an image of the affluent party guests as stars, some in their own rights, and some whom only saw themselves this way. Fitzgerald describes ‘his [Gatsby’s] raft’, ‘his beach’ and ‘his two-motor boats’ in the following sentence to portray the sense of wealth and affluence of Gatsby and this detailed visual imagery enables the reader to relate with the narrator as they share in his feeling of awe at Gatsby’s affluence. The warm light imagery of the ‘sun on the hot sand’ adds to the ongoing sense of romance in the passage, which reflects the numerous romances and affairs within the book, primarily that of Gatsby and Daisy. Fitzgerald effectively uses a metaphor to describe the Rolls-Royce, a relatively small car, becoming an ‘omnibus’ to further emphasize to the reader the massiveness of these parties and the copious people that attended. The simile of the station wagon scampering ‘like a brisk yellow bug’ not only makes the inanimate object more realistic to the reader but reflects the urgency of the guests to attend these magnificent parties. The immensity of Gatsby’s parties is further shown through the statement that ‘eight servants, including an extra gardener’ had to work all of Monday to restore the mansion to its former grandeur and to get rid of the after effects of the party. The image of ‘several hundred feet of canvas’ being used just for Gatsby’s party once again indicates his enormous wealth and success and makes it more realistic to the reader by using measurements. Fitzgerald uses colour imagery to describe the party food such as ‘glistening hors-d’oeuvre’, ‘salads of harlequin designs’ and ‘turkeys bewitched to a dark gold’. This creates a more realistic and physical aspect to the food that makes it more vivid for the reader. The use of the ‘dark gold’ image also symbolises Gatsby’s wealth and the grandeur of the party. Fitzgerald combines the visual images of the ‘gin’, ‘liquors’ and other drinks with the sound imagery of the ‘oboes’, ‘trombones’ and other orchestra instruments in the following paragraph in order to appeal to more of the readers senses. By using sound imagery alongside visual imagery, the party appears more realistic to the reader and they instantly become more involved. The listed instruments depict to the reader the vastness of the orchestra, suggesting it was in competition with the ‘chatter’ and the vast amounts of party guests. During this paragraph, Nick also changes tense from past to present, as he describes that ‘the bar is in full swing’. This also makes the passage more realistic to the reader as it is more inclusive and engages the reader to feel like they are also attending this party. The use of the image of ‘Castile’ a wealthy Spanish town, indicates the affluence of the people at the party as their fashion was ‘beyond the dreams’ of even the most wealthy towns. Fitzgerald describes the cocktails as ‘floating rounds’ indicating how insignificant the party guests thought of the servants, so much so that they appeared to be invisible. This shows the shallow, snobbish nature of the wealthy Americans of the time. Personification is used effective to describe the air as ‘alive with chatter’ highlighting to the reader the enormity of the noise of the party that must have been audible for miles around. The idea of the ‘enthusiastic meetings’ of women who ‘never knew each other’s names’ compels the reader to consider how genuine this enthusiasm was in someone they did not know or whether it was fake interest from possibly fake and shallow women of the time. There is further light imagery as it grows ‘brighter’ mentions of the ‘sun’ which evoke images of wealth and beauty. Fitzgerald creates both visual and sound imagery when he describes the ‘yellow cocktail music’ in which the light imagery again indicated wealth to the reader and also creates a soft, sensual feel. The ‘opera of voices’ further highlights the noise of the party and connects both the orchestra noise and that of the guests conversations. The groups changing ‘swiftly’ gives the impression of elegance and restlessness, as people are reluctant to stay in the same place as groups ‘dissolve and form in the same breath’. Fitzgerald stresses the self obsessed, egotistical nature of the party guests when he reveals their aim; to become centre of attention which, when fulfilled, makes them ‘excited with triumph’. The passage comes to a close with the ever recurring light imagery of the ‘constantly changing light’ perhaps symbolising not only the beauty of the scene but also the fleetingness of the people that inhabit it.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Talk about traffic jam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Talk about traffic jam - Essay Example It is therefore not surprising that one encounters overcrowding on the highways with frequent traffic snarls and impatient, honking drivers. Traffic jams have even resulted in the emergence of a totally new phenomenon called road rage. The burgeoning population and economic prosperity in the last century made possession of a personal car desirable as well as mandatory in the developed countries. Combined with the traffic load of public transport vehicles, bikes, heavy trucks of all shapes and sizes, a typical road now is a veritable zoo of metallic monsters. Traffic jams not only result in public inconvenience, but cause psychological distress as well. Such jams often result in great economic loss to the organizations’ whose deliveries are delayed, loss of reputation for professionals who are unable to attend fixed appointments, and sometimes critical delay in getting a grievously injured patient to the hospital. Finding a solution to the problem is not a new phenomenon, as administrators’ and engineers’ have tried multiple tricks up their sleeves to organize traffic conditions on city roads as well as trans-state/trans-national highways. Availability of new technology like computer controlled traffic signals, closed-circuit camera observation, regulation of traffic by traffic-marshals and channeling traffic according to shape, kind and size of vehicles have all been tried. Building new roads, multi-lane highways and flyovers are some of the time tested strategies but they have failed to ebb the flow of the ever-increasing traffic. The limiting factor is the burgeoning population and the thrust on pushing up sales of newer models of vehicles by the automobile manufacturers. Despite the looming fear of extinction of fossil fuels and their increasing prices, automobile manufacturers are coming up with vehicles which run on alternate sources of fuel to feed the consumer demand. It seems that

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Job interview questions (Advertising) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Job interview questions (Advertising) - Essay Example While working, I allocate adequate question time to my team members in order to attain the feedback. My objective is to involve all individuals in the decision making process. In this regard, I use democracy leadership style. I value this style since it creates a good working relationship between leaders and members of an organization. I like seeking the opinions of others during my leadership. As a result, once I make changes in the benefits program for example by introducing a computer course, there is no resistance to change from the workers since they are involved in the plan. One of the challenges faced by sales team is lack of product awareness. I will tackle this challenge by coming up with roadside shows in road junction and public places especially during the weekends. As a result, more potential consumers will be aware of our brands (Matt, 2005). I will also create songs that our sales team will sing while advertising in the television. By use of IT, and in collaboration with company designers, I will come up with well-designed advertisements that inform the customer about our brands once they are launched in the market. My objective is to have a strong marketing team and effective PR that is able to handle customer complaints. Using face book and twitter, I will come up with a group that our consumers will join as friends thus creating a strong positive customer-brand relationship. As an intern, I came up with an innovative idea of using plastic bags that were green and recyclable. In this way, there was minimum pollution within our premises as well as in the neighborhood. I value teamwork and assisting individual members to achieve their goals. However, at one time I experienced a challenge when some members of my team were involved in a conflict resulting to failure to achieve our objectives. To address this problem, I arranged a meeting with each of the member, then with both of them and lastly we solved the issue and the positive