Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Figures of Speech free essay sample
Figures of Speech [ Examples ] 1. Metaphor ? But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. (William Sharp, The Lonely Hunter) ? Love is an alchemist that can transmute poison into foodand a spaniel that prefers even punishment from one hand to caresses from another. (Charles Colton, Lacon) 2. Simile ? Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong. (slogan of Pan-American Coffee Bureau) ? She dealt with moral problems as a cleaver deals with meat. (James Joyce, The Boarding House) 3. Personification ? Fear knocked on the door. Faith answered. There was no one there. (proverb quoted by Christopher Moltisanti, The Sopranos) ? The operation is over. On the table, the knife lies spent, on its side, the bloody meal smear-dried upon its flanks. The knife rests. (Richard Selzer, The Knife) 4. Apostrophe ? Blue Moon, you saw me standing alone Without a dream in my heart Without a love of my own. (Lorenz Hart, Blue Moon) ? Hello darkness, my old friend Ive come to talk with you againâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Paul Simon, The Sounds of Silence) 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Figures of Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Metonymy ? The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. ? ââ¬Å"I stopped at a bar and had a couple of double Scotches. They didnt do me any good. All they did was made me think of Silver Wig, and I never saw her again. (Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep) 6. Hyperbole ? I was helpless. I did not know what in the world to do. I was quaking from head to foot, and could have hung my hat on my eyes, they stuck out so far. (Mark Twain, Old Times on the Mississippi) ? Im really busy, I am doing like ten million things at the same time. 7. Litotes ? The graves a fine a private place, But none, I think, do there embrace. (Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress) ? for lifes not a paragraph And death I think is no parenthesis (e. e. cummings, since feeling is first) 8. Irony ? My cat enjoys the thrill of a good, long nap. ? The homeless survived in their cardboard palace. 9. Antithesis ? Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing. (Goethe) ? We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools. (Martin Luther King, Jr. , speech at St. Louis, 1964) 10. Paradox ? War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. (George Orwell, 1984) ? If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in frankness. (Alexander Smith) 11. Oxymoron ? The best cure for insomnia is to get a lot of sleep. (W. C. Fields) ? We have to believe in free will. We have no choice. (Isaac Bashevis Singer)
Friday, April 3, 2020
Business Leadership Study Can Yang Jianguo make the transition from a regional star to a global leader Essay Example
Business Leadership Study: Can Yang Jianguo make the transition from a regional star to a global leader? Essay Yang Jianguoââ¬â¢s promotion as the Senior Vice President of global product development is well deserved. Having headed the Chinese division of Deronde International with distinction, his appointment to this international role is promising as well as challenging. By the end of his first few weeks in the new role, he is already frustrated and confused by the mixed signals he is receiving from his colleagues. It seems that Jianguo has not prepared himself to get acclimatized with the French corporate culture. While all business corporations share the same goal of boosting bottom lines and building an enduring brand image, the local culture does affect the way the business is run. Deronde International, being headquartered in Paris, seems to function in a style typical of the city and its people, whereby free flow of ideas and spontaneity are encouraged. This seems to have disconcerted Jianguo, who is used to his own style of operating. Having spent most of his working years in mainland China, he seems to have assimilated an autocratic mode of analysis and decision making, which is at odds with the French way. In this regard, as Elise had advised him, he can try and make a few compromises in the initial stages. Once his mettle is proven and his skills are recognized by his peers, he can articulate his views more emphatically. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Leadership Study: Can Yang Jianguo make the transition from a regional star to a global leader? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Leadership Study: Can Yang Jianguo make the transition from a regional star to a global leader? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Leadership Study: Can Yang Jianguo make the transition from a regional star to a global leader? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The core team in Paris can also do its share to make things easy for Jianguo. Firslty, the Chief Executive Officer Alain has to specify to his new appointee a clear set of roles and responsibilities. The core management team headed by Alain seem to be of the understanding that new products have to be Franco-centric, meaning that they should represent French culture and style in essence. Jianguo can make others see that French tastes and sensibilities do not always apply to other markets, especially in emerging economies such as South America, China and India. While Jianguo has a valid point to make, he needs to exercise patience in getting his message across. He should also be a little tolerant of the internal politics in the organization involving Yves, Elaine and others. Communicating with the core team and convincing them of his ideas is crucial. In his early days as SVP Jianguo has not been assertive enough. This is especially true with respect to Alain, who as the CEO of Deronde, has a say in all decisions. Previously, as the head of Chinese operations, Jianguo was allowed to be his own man, where he had the freedom to think and act independently. But here in Paris, not only is the work culture different, but his independence is also limited. Based on what is given in the case study, Jianguo has not yet come to grips with the limitations imposed by his new role. It is only when he comprehends the new reality that he can truly become the global leader he aspires to become. Toward the end of the case study, it is implied that Jianguo is already a little regretful of accepting this position and is thinking of other career possibilities. But thinking on these lines should be avoided. Jianguo should see the opportunities that his current adver sity is presenting. By overcoming challenges facing him right now, he will learn many things about leading a global enterprise. To the contrary, by settling for a well-treaded and comfortable path, he will undermine his career growth. While Jianguo certainly has the potential to make the transition from a regional star to a global leader, its attainment lies in his own hands. Reference: Nitin Nohria, From Regional Star to Global Leader, Harvard Business Case Study, published in January, 2009. Intellectuals such as Karl Marx and Max Weber have proposed important theories toward understanding the dynamics of societies. Marxââ¬â¢s ideas in particular have profoundly affected later generations of sociologists, including his compatriot Max Weber. Marxââ¬â¢s achievement lies in attempting to explain social situations and problems from the point of view of economic class of constituent groups in society. Max Weber, who was a successor to the socio-economic analytic tradition established by Marx, made critical observations of many of Marxââ¬â¢s theories and consolidated the communist school of thought. (Bonner, 1998, p.166) While Weber made important contributions to Marxââ¬â¢s work, he also brought in unique sociological perspectives to communist commentary. In this sense, Weberââ¬â¢s approach to explaining the rise of modern society can be stated as a ââ¬Ëdebate with the ghost of Karl Marxââ¬â¢. First of all, Weber agreed with many of Marxââ¬â¢s viewpoints, most notably their shared view of state power in modern societies. To illustrate this point let us consider the role of police. The police, in contradiction to its role as the protector of people, usually tends to protect the interests of the rich and powerful. It is this observation which prompted Weberââ¬â¢s to remark during a speech in 1918 that ââ¬Å"the state successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territoryâ⬠(Bakker, 1999, p.291). Here, Weber was only reiterating Marxââ¬â¢s assessment of the tendencies of the state and its institutions. While agreeing and consolidating many of Marxââ¬â¢s theories, Weber also attempted to refine and expand them. This is especially true with respect to the role of religion in political and economic affairs. While Marxââ¬â¢s leanings toward atheism are well documented, he did not properly evaluate the influence exert ed by religion in matters of politics and economics. Weber, on the other hand, saw religion to be pivotal to society and hence included religious considerations alongside economic ones. Although Weber helped enrich the understanding of the then emerging capitalist world order, he did not completely condemn it as Marx did. Weberââ¬â¢s works emphasize the influence of religious beliefs in the affairs of state and society. For example, during his lifetime Christianity was the dominant religious ideology in Germany and most of Europe. So Weber asserted that the rise and flourishing of capitalist economic systems had their underpinnings in the Christian ethic. In other words, the seeds for the eventual flowering of industrial capitalism in Europe from the eighteenth century onwards were already evident in the moral fabric of society as conditioned by principles laid out by Christianity. Indeed, Weber believed that the political and economic institutions of a nation are shaped by its d ominant religious ideology. (Sayer, 1991) Despite the differences in their emphasis, both Marx and Weber greatly influenced scholars, politicians and commentators for generations to come. More importantly, their theories and insights have a direct appeal to lay people, for the state of economic and political organization of society has a direct and immediate bearing on its members. Marx and Weber can also be credited for making sociological discourse accessible to the general population. And by doing so, they expanded the reach of the discipline to a wider audience and enabled it to interpret commonplace events in uncommon ways. While Karl Marx will be remembered as the most influential political scientist of the modern era, Max Weber will be remembered for adding new dimensions and interpretations to Marxââ¬â¢s body of work. It is for this reason that Weberââ¬â¢s approach to explaining the rise of modern society can be stated as a ââ¬Ëdebate with the ghost of Karl Marxââ¬â¢. References Bakker, J. (1999). The Living Legacy of Marx, Durkheim and Weber: Applications and Analyses of Classical Sociological Theory by Modern Social Scientist. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 36(2), 286+. Bonner, K. (1998). Reflexivity, Sociology and the Rural-Urban Distinction in Marx, Tonnies and Weber. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 35(2), 165+. Sayer, D. (1991). Capitalism and Modernity: An Excursus on Marx and Weber. New York: Routledge.
Sunday, March 8, 2020
Mass Spectrometry - What It Is and How It Works
Mass Spectrometry - What It Is and How It Works Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical laboratory technique to separate the components of a sample by their massà and electrical charge. The instrument used in MS is called mass spectrometer. It produces a mass spectrum that plots the mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of compounds in a mixture. How a Mass Spectrometer Works The three main parts of a mass spectrometer are the ion source, the mass analyzer, and the detector. Step 1: Ionization The initial sample may be a solid, liquid, or gas. The sample is vaporized into a gas and then ionized by the ion source, usually by losing an electron to become a cation. Even species that normally form anions or dont usually form ions are converted to cations (e.g., halogens like chlorine and noble gases like argon). The ionization chamber is kept in a vacuum so the ions that are produced can progress through the instrument without running into molecules from air. Ionization is from electrons that are produced by heating up a metal coil until it releases electrons. These electrons collide with sample molecules, knocking off one or more electrons. Since it takes more energy to remove more than one electron, most cations produced in the ionization chamber carry a 1 charge. A positive-charged metal plate pushes the sample ions to the next part of the machine. (Note: Many spectrometers work in either negative ion mode or positive ion mode, so its important to know the setting in order to analyze the data.) Step 2: Acceleration Inà the mass analyzer, the ions are then accelerated through a potential difference and focused into a beam. The purpose of acceleration is to give all species the same kinetic energy, like starting a race with all runners on the same line. Step 3: Deflection The ion beam passes through a magnetic field which bends the charged stream. Lighter components or components with more ionic charge will deflect in the field more than heavier or less charged components. There are several different types of mass analyzers. A time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer accelerates ions to the same potential and then determines how long is needed for them to hit the detector. If the particles all start with the same charge, the velocity depends on the mass, with lighter components reaching the detector first. Other types of detectors measure not only how much time it takes for a particle to reach the detector, but how much it is deflected by an electric and/or magnetic field, yielding information besides just mass. Step 4: Detection A detector counts the number of ions at different deflections. The data is plotted as a graph or spectrumà of different masses. Detectors work by recording the induced charge or current caused by an ion striking a surface or passing by. Because the signal is very small, an electron multiplier, Faraday cup, or ion-to-photon detector may be used. The signal is greatly amplified to produce a spectrum. Mass Spectrometry Uses MS is used for both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. It may be used to identify the elements and isotopes of a sample, to determine the masses of molecules, and as a tool to help identify chemical structures. It can measure sample purity and molar mass. Pros and Cons A big advantage of mass spec over many other techniques is that it is incredibly sensitive (parts per million). It is an excellent tool for identifying unknown components in a sample or confirming their presence. Disadvantages of mass spec are that it isnt very good at identifying hydrocarbons that produce similar ions and its unable to tell optical and geometrical isomers apart. The disadvantages are compensated for by combining MS with other techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC-MS).
Thursday, February 20, 2020
Intergroup communication final paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Intergroup communication final - Term Paper Example Moreover, more women are working outside the home, or while in the home, including low-income mothers (Gassman-Pines, 2011). Around 29% of working mothers were employed in jobs with non-standard schedules (versus standard schedules of fixed daytime hours from Monday to Friday) in 2004 (Gassman-Pines, 2011). In developing countries, working mothers show an increasing trend, with some working mainly due to economic needs, while others, especially the educated ones, choose to work to attain personal fulfillment from their work-life identities and to pursue further education and upward career/business goals (Jabbar, 2014; Parà © & Dillaway, 2005). Furthermore, having the option to work, instead of staying at home, is a hallmark of the modern age, particularly, in line with feminist and gender equality movements (Parà © & Dillaway, 2005). Working women develop political power when they increase their contribution to decision-making at home, and when they rise in their organizations as top managers (Ruderman, Ohlott, Panzer, & King, 2002). In addition, they also improve social and cultural power, as they gain social approval for being independent individuals who should be able to work without being judged as neglecting their traditional gender roles and responsibilities (Jabbar, 2014). Nevertheless, working mothers continue to face work-life issues that impact career advancement (King, Botsford, & Huffman, 2009). In other words, not getting enough social support and lack of balance in family and work life can derail women from attaining topmost management positions and attaining a balanced family life-work balance (King et al. , 2009). Some studies investigated the effects of employment outside the home on working mothers and their children and found mixed results. On the one hand, Jabbarââ¬â¢s (2014) interviews with Jordanian mothers and teachers and maids from other countries revealed that working mothers and teachers did not agree that having
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
BUS ECON (You Decide Activity) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
BUS ECON (You Decide Activity) - Assignment Example The first thing that the government usually does in cases like this is to execute monetary policy, a mandate of the Federal Reserve. It lowers interest rates thereby increasing liquidity and helping customers and businesses get back on foot. However, as many analysts would say this may end up hurting the economy in the long run as it may lead to a rise in inflation, something that was witnessed in 2001 in the U.S (Desai, 2011). On the other hand, the idea of increasing taxes and reduced government spending will hurt the common person. This strategy is bad for the economy as consumers and business people will suffer and economic growth will slow down before it picks up again. Such tough measures are not good for the common man as they only benefit the rich (MacEwan & Miller, 2011). The best approach will be the Federal Reserve to retain the current interest rates and be involved strongly in selling bonds in order to increase the bank reserve requirement. This will lead to increased money supply in the economy, as well as stability of financial institutions (Mullard, 2012). However, the federal monetary policies may not be enough and this necessitates the need for both fiscal and monetary policies to help the economy. Some of the fiscal measures could include increased government spending and lowering of taxes. This will balance the economy as the effects of these decisions will be considerate to consumers, as well as businesses (Desai,
Monday, January 27, 2020
Lewis Ranis-Fei Model of Economic Development
Lewis Ranis-Fei Model of Economic Development William Arthur Lewis, with his most famous published work, ââ¬Å"Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labourâ⬠(Manchester School, May 1954) and ââ¬Å"The Theory of Economic Growthâ⬠(Allen and Unwin, 1955), made a great contribution to the theories of economic development. Based on his findings, Ranis and Fei succeeded to extend the initial Lewis model and assessed the changes in the agricultural and industrial labour in more detail. I will start this paper by introducing the foundations of the model before following with the implications, basing the majority of my arguments on the analysis by Ranis and Fei in ââ¬Å"A Theory of Economic Developmentâ⬠(1961). The central idea behind the Lewis model is fairly simple. Lewis divided labour force into two differentiated groups ââ¬Å"subsistence sectorâ⬠and ââ¬Å"capitalist sectorâ⬠where the former is assumed to contain unlimited supply and consequently, a pool of surplus labour[1] that sets labour-supply conditions for the latter. The concept of a dual economy is heavily criticised. As Leeson (1982) pointed out, ââ¬Å"dual economyâ⬠models are ââ¬Å"held to imply a false picture of the nature of the historical process of change in underdeveloped countriesâ⬠. In this paper, I will not assess the strengths or weaknesses of the model, but instead, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, assume that the sectors are agricultural and industrial, respectively. Subsequently, Ranis and Feis extension to Lewis model can be analysed. They observed the model by reading it from left to right and assessed the changes in the output and wage as more and more people moved from agriculture to the industry. A new concept was added namely, disguised unemployment, which appears in the traditional subsistence sector. The marginal product of labour, which is observed as the slope of the production function, in agricultural sector is lower than in industry in fact, it is zero before point B on Figure 1.3. Under competitive assumptions, the real wage rate would fall to zero, but due to the presence of institutional or non-market forces, the institutional wage is sustained. Therefore, there are gains to be had by switching resources away to the industrial sector. Nevertheless, it is generally not likely to happen because the market, left on its own, does not change. If the industrial sector does pay according to marginal product, then, as noted by Ray (199 8), there would be efficiency gains available as long as the marginal product of the agricultural labour is less than the wage, whether it is zero or not. By decreasing the labour force in agriculture by a small amount (whilst still remaining in the surplus labour area), the total wage bill in agriculture falls along the diagonal straight line in Figure 1.3 , provided that the wage in agriculture does not rise. Since output does not fall, the reduction in the total wage bill gives an economy an agricultural surplus. Only at point C will this process come to an end because there is no more disguised unemployment it only appears at points at which the marginal product of labour is less than the institutional wage. Hence, condition for the existence of disguised unemployment is: W > MPL Ranis and Fei subsequently claimed that the average wage bill in agricultural sector is no longer measured as a straight line. At point C, the slope of the production function is parallel to the wage bill line, yielding that the disguised unemployment is no longer observed. Furthermore, beyond point C (when the disguisedly unemployed have been absorbed) the marginal product of labour exceeds the traditionally given wage rate (Ranis and Fei, 1961). The wage in agriculture begins to rise, because it becomes profitable to bid for labour[2]. As a result, wage bill falls more slowly. This brings me to the central point of the paper capturing the ââ¬Å"turning pointsâ⬠in the Lewis-Ranis-Fei model. Ranis and Fei divided the model into three phases[3]. I have used Figure 1.1. to illustrate this issue. This figure contains the demand curves for labour by industry (downward sloping). The supply curve is initially a vertical line, because of surplus labour. Hence, the intersection of the labour and demand curves gives the equivalent quantity of labour and wage rate x and w*, respectively. Since the economy is in the surplus phase, there will be a certain quantity of labour transferring from agricultural to industrial sector, which explains the increase of the labour in industry from x to y whilst keeping the wage rate constant. The wage rate remains constant as long as there is surplus labour in the agriculture that can be employed more productively in the industry at a constant subsistence wage rate (Berry, 1970). It must be noted though that for any further investment, the demand curve for labour is going to shift to a point where the compensatory wage must rise. The phase where the supply wage of labour tilts upwards is referred to as the ââ¬Å"first turning pointâ⬠. At this point, redundant labour disappears altogether (Jorgenson, 1967). Employment in the industry would have risen as far as point z had the turning point not occurred. However, since it did and since the wage rate began to rise as demand was pushed upwards, employment can only rise up to z where demand meets supply. As I briefly mentioned earlier, it is evident that as more and more agricultural workers are withdrawn and no longer demand a portion of the agricultural goods, the surplus of agricultural goods begins to appear. It must be noted that each individual that moves from agricultural sector to the industry carries their own subsistence bundle together with them, meaning that they must be compensated for the transfer. Ranis and Fei named the portion of total agricultural output in excess of the consumption requirements of the agricultural labour force at the institutional wage as the total agricultural surplus TAS (Ranis and Fei, 1961). They described the TAS (captured in Figure 1.3) as the vertical distance between the straight line OX and the total physical productivity curve (with the exception of phase 3 where the distance will be reduced). In order to find out the required minimum industrial wage, the average wage must be multiplied by the relative price between agriculture and industry. In the surplus phase, it remains constant, because the average agricultural surplus is not changing (captured in Figure 1.2.). At this point, an expansion in the industrial sector would not drive up the wage rate. If an individual that moves from agriculture to the industry when labour in agriculture is at the surplus phase, there will be no compensation needed for that particular individual, as he carries his own food basket to the industry. In fact, industrial wage is constant and this individual is not worse off as a result. At the second phase, however, the average agricultural surplus begins to decline, because there will not be sufficient agricultural output to feed all the new industrial arrivals at the institutional wage level (Ranis and Fei, 1961). In other words, the same wage would not compensate them for the move anymore, b ecause the agricultural surplus has fallen below the average wage (A.W.) and it is not possible for them to buy A.W. units of food. As a result, the supply curve tilts up. There appears to be a worsening of the terms of trade. The relative prices begin to increase and in order to compensate for this price effect and facilitate the move, the industrial wage must rise. The wage must also compensate for the declining agricultural surplus and a movement of the terms of trade against industry. Put differently, the shortage of agricultural goods measured in agricultural surplus lead to a rise in the industrial wage measured in terms of industrial goods. Simultaneously, the agriculture gains some extra resources, because the agricultural output is divided between less people as more and more people move away from agriculture. If it happened that the individuals at the surplus zone wanted to consume more than the average, the government could step in and tax them to restrict their consumption. That surplus could then be used up in the investment to feed those individuals that move to the industry. In addition, it could also be used to support the new industrial arrivals as the wage rate in industry is set to increase. During phase three, this process becomes even more apparent as the now commercialized wage in agriculture becomes operative. Hence, there is an even sharper decrease in the agricultural surplus. What is more, beyond the ââ¬Å"commercializationâ⬠point, the contribution from a worker is greater than the wage (as MPL > W). This, on the other hand, increases agricultural wage rate as was seen in Figure 1.3. From the p revious results, it is clear that after a second turning point the industry would have to compensate even more to get the workers. As a result, it gives an incentive to bargain for a worker. According to Chen (2005), Lewis-Ranis-Fei model should be considered a classical model because of the usage of industrial wage. However, Jorgenson claims that once the commercialization point is reached, instead of the classical approach, the neo-classical theory of growth for an advanced economy is to be observed (Jorgenson, 1967). Berry came to a significant conclusion of the Lewis-Ranis-Fei model. In effect, a shift in the terms of trade has a negative effect on the industry, forcing capitalist employers to pay a higher wage and thus generating less profits and less investment (Berry, 1970). However, there is a role of interdependence between the two sectors (Ranis and Fei). In fact, raising the price of goods in agriculture would give an agricultural sector an incentive to raise the output, thus encouraging investments in agriculture, leading to a decline in the terms of trade, which in turn lowers wages, increases profits and generates more investment in the industry. Consequently, there will be a balanced expansion in both, agriculture and industry. In other words, what Ranis and Fei observed was that the allocation of investment funds must be such that as to ââ¬Å"continuously sustain investment incentives in both sectors of the economyâ⬠. The terms of trade should not deteriorate substantially agai nst either sector. I have illustrated this in Figure 2. The lower diagram in Figure 2 contains a supply curve S and a demand curve D1. Initially, the size of industrial labour force is OB and the industrial sector is making a profit equal to the area B0. This profit can be considered as an investment fund and could be allocated in part to both sectors. Consequently, the demand curve shifts up and there will be a new intersection point which lies on the balanced-growth path and this new equilibrium allows the economy to enjoy even further profits. After the first turning point, there will be a small proportion of profit that will be forgone because the first turning point occurs, yet the overall amount of profit increases. Nevertheless, it becomes clear that it is reasonable to have a policy to invest in both sectors as the economy will then maintain the balanced growth path. To conclude, I have shown the main ideas behind the Lewis-Ranis-Fei model and used the consecutive analysis of the model to explain why it is important to invest in both sectors in order to remain on the balanced growth path and maintain the rate of industrialization. The existence of surplus labour in agriculture allows the industry to continue to pay the institutional wage and therefore enjoy further profits and continued investment. At the same time, as more and more people are moving away from agriculture, there will be some amount of agricultural surplus that can be used up to fuel further development. This process continues until the surplus labour is absorbed. Hence, saving and investment are a crucial part in the Lewis-Ranis-Fei to support economic development.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Essay examples -- English Literat
The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me Commentary on ââ¬Å"The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave meâ⬠by Eavan Bolland The Black Lace Fan my Mother Gave me by Eavan Bolland reflects on the last of a love life of a couple during pre-war Paris using a symbol, a ââ¬ËBlack Lace Fanââ¬â¢. Bolland achieves this through the use of weather imagery, the changing of his tense from past to present, and using literary features such as simile, metaphor, personification and repetition. In the first stanza of the poem, Bolland disconcerts the reader by using the diction ââ¬Å"itâ⬠twice, though representing different things. The first ââ¬Ëitââ¬â¢ represents the lace and the second ââ¬Ëitââ¬â¢ is used to substitute the climate of the setting. ââ¬Å"It was stifling. /A starless drought made the nights stormy.â⬠This quotation starts building up the tension in the readerââ¬â¢s mind because of the suffocated feeling the poet creates by mentioning the word ââ¬Å"stiflingâ⬠in a short sentence that creates a frustrated tone. The metaphor describing the stormy night also produces a sense of insecurity through the weather imagery by expressing anxiety through contradicting dictions like ââ¬Å"droughtâ⬠and ââ¬Å"stormyâ⬠. The first two lines of the second stanza have a repetition of the word ââ¬Å"theyâ⬠as the first word of each line. This repetition is used to create a rhythm and to describe the routine of the man and woman meeting in cafes and the woman always being early. ââ¬Å"They met in cafes. She was always early. / He was late. That evening he was later. / They wrapped the fan. He looked at his watch.â⬠The syntax of this quotation produces a tone that is frantic because the sentences are short and the reader tends to read that part of the poem fast, and with a jerk at the middle of each... ... express that the man was lost and was unheard of, though what happens to the man next is left to the readerââ¬â¢s imagination. The last stanza completely changes subject and describes the actions of a blackbird in a summer morning. The weather once again is a factor in this poem and the climatic conditions are described using the diction ââ¬Å"sultryâ⬠and ââ¬Å"heatâ⬠. The last sentence, ââ¬Å"Suddenly she puts out her wing ââ¬â the whole flirtatious span of itâ⬠is a personification that is used to express the symbolism of the black lace fan. Finally, this poem reflects upon the story of a loving couple and the significance of the black lace, in the womanââ¬â¢s life, who loses her man. The poem is expressed by the use of weather imagery, the changing of tenses from past to present, and also the use of literary features such as metaphors, simile, personification and repetition.
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